Đặt \(T=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)>0\)

\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2+ca}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2+ab}{a+b}\ge a+b+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+bc}{b+c}-a+\dfrac{b^2+ca}{c+a}-b+\dfrac{c^2+ab}{a+b}-c\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+bc-ab-ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2+ac-ab-bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{c^2+ab-ac-bc}{a+b}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}{a+c}+\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}{a+b}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a^2-c^2\right)+\left(b^2-a^2\right)\left(b^2-c^2\right)+\left(c^2-a^2\right)\left(c^2-b^2\right)}{T}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^4+b^4+c^4-b^2c^2-c^2a^2-a^2b^2}{T}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2+\left(b^2-c^2\right)^2+\left(c^2-a^2\right)^2}{2T}\ge0\)

Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{b+c}{a^2+bc}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(a^2+bc\right)}\ge0\)

Giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)thì

\(\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(a^2+bc\right)}\ge0\).vậy nên chỉ cần chứng minh

\(\dfrac{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}{b\left(b^2+ac\right)}+\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}{c\left(c^2+ab\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-c\right)\left[\dfrac{b-a}{b\left(b^2+ac\right)}+\dfrac{a-c}{c\left(c^2+ab\right)}\right]\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-c\right)\left[\left(b-a\right)\left(c^3+abc\right)+\left(a-c\right)\left(b^3+abc\right)\right]\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-c\right)^2\left(b+c\right)\left(ab+ac-bc\right)\ge0\)( đúng vì \(a\ge b\ge c\))

Vậy BĐT được chứng minh.

Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c

a.

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2\left(b+c\right)}{4\left(b+c\right)}}=a\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge b\) ; \(\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge c\)

Cộng vế:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge a+b+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

b.

Ta có:

\(a^2+bc\ge2\sqrt{a^2bc}=2\sqrt{ab.ac}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+bc}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{ab.ac}}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{ac}\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{b^2+ac}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{bc}\right)\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+bc}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2abc}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Đặt\(P=\dfrac{a}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+a^2+}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) 

Bổ đề: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\) (1)

Chứng minh bổ đề: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\sqrt[3]{abc.\dfrac{1}{abc}}=9\left(\forall a,b,c\ge0\right)\) 

Kết hợp điều kiện đề bài ta được: \(a+b+c\ge3\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{ab^2}{2\sqrt{b^2}}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\) ( AM-GM cho 2 số không âm 1 và b^2 )

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab}{2}\left(1\right)\)

Chứng minh hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\dfrac{bc}{2}\left(2\right)\)

\(\dfrac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\dfrac{ca}{2}\left(3\right)\)

Cộng (1),(2),(3) vế theo vế thu được: \(P\ge a+b+c=3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra tại a=b=c=1

Cách giải của

a;b;c dương k bn

\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+ac+bc}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\) Chứng minh tương tự ta được:

\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right);\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+1+1\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)

Cộng vế:

\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{4b^2+bc+4c^2}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{4c^2+ca+4a^2}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{4a^2+ab+4b^2}}\ge1\)

Ta có:

\(\sum\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{4b^2+bc+4c^2}}\right)^2\sum a\left(4b^2+bc+4c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)

Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:

\(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{a\left(4b^2+bc+4c^2\right)+b\left(4c^2+ac+4a^2\right)+c\left(4a^2+ab+4b^2\right)}\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{4a\left(b^2+c^2\right)+4b\left(c^2+a^2\right)+4c\left(a^2+b^2\right)+3abc}\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc\ge ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\) (đúng theo Schur bậc 3)